When we ignore issues that need plumbing service, they often get to be much larger than what they originally were. Read on for what can happen!

Are you experiencing plumbing issues? Read more to identify the signs you need to call a professional plumbing contractor.

A leaking refrigerator can feel like a drastic enough situation that you may think it's time to shop for a new fridge. But a leaking refrigerator doesn't necessarily mean that your fridge is on its way out . Over time, blockages and clogs, frozen sections, loose valves, or misaligned parts can develop leaks in the refrigerator . You can usually fix or clear these leaks by yourself, using simple tools—saving a call to the appliance repair company. Defrost Drain Is Blocked The evaporator coils will drip water onto the bottom of the freezer compartment if the defrost drain is clogged with debris or is frozen. These drips can continue onto the refrigerator shelves and even onto the kitchen floor, especially if the door gasket is dirty or faulty. Fixing a Blocked Defrost Drain You should thaw any ice buildup in the drain and flush the drain with hot water to clear debris. Have lots of towels around to mop up spills. Find the defrost drain, usually located in the back of the refrigerator. With a cordless drill, turn out any screws holding the cover in place. If the drain is frozen over, thaw it out by directing a hairdryer over it. Clear the drain tube by directing hot water into the tube. Use a squirt bottle or turkey baster to direct water into the drain hole. Refrigerator Is out of Level Moisture condensing on evaporator coils can leak out of the refrigerator. Also, a refrigerator that's out of level taxes the motor and pump. Setting the refrigerator level not only reduces leaking but helps with the unit's overall functioning. [Tip] Consult your refrigerator's manual for leveling instructions. Some fridges may need to be slightly higher (about 1/4 inch) in front than in back. Leveling a Refrigerator Place a bubble level on top of the refrigerator. Position the level from front to back. Remove the grille (near the floor) by pulling it toward you. With an adjustable wrench, turn the front roller legs clockwise to raise the front of the unit and counter-clockwise to lower it. Check for front-to-back level. For level fridges, the bubble should rest between the two marks on the indicator. Check side-to-side level. Move the bubble level 90 degrees so it runs from side to side. Adjust the front roller legs with the wrench until the unit is level. Replace the front grille by snapping it back into place. [Tip] For fridges that need to be higher in front, raise the back end of the bubble level. Measure the distance from the bottom of the level to the top of the fridge. The measurement should be 1/4 inch. If not, raise or lower the refrigerator's front roller legs until the measurement is 1/4 inch. Water Inlet Valve Is Loose or Damaged Located on the back of the refrigerator, the water inlet valve supplies water to the freezer to make ice and to the dispenser for fresh water. The copper or plastic tubing may be damaged or loose. Or the brass water inlet valve might be damaged or have come loose. Leaks at this point will drip and pool around the bottom of the refrigerator and can make it appear as if water is coming from inside the box of the fridge. Fixing a Loose or Damaged Water Inlet Valve Pull the refrigerator away from the wall to access the back of the fridge. Look for the rigid copper tube or plastic tube entering the fridge from the direction of the kitchen sink. Use an adjustable wrench to tighten the brass nut where the tube attaches to the fridge's inlet valve. If that doesn't fix the problem—and water is still leaking here—the water inlet valve should be removed and replaced by an appliance technician. Water Filter Is Misaligned or Faulty The refrigerator's water filter cleans and filters water from the house's water supply on the way to the fridge's water dispenser . A misaligned or defective water filter can leak water into the refrigerator. Typically, the water will be concentrated on a top shelf of the refrigerator since the filter is usually located on the roof of the refrigerator box. Fixing a Misaligned Water Filter Find the water filter housing on the roof of the refrigerator box. Swing down the housing door. Twist out the water filter, then twist it securely back in place. If this does not fix the leak, try replacing the filter with a new water filter. Door Gasket Is Dirty or Faulty The rubber gasket around the inside of the refrigerator door may be leaking water from the inside of the box to the outside. Fix by cleaning or replacing the gasket. While this will not stop leaks inside of the refrigerator box, it will prevent those leaks from reaching the kitchen floor. Fixing a Dirty or Faulty Door Gasket Make a solution of warm water and a squirt of dishwashing detergent. Dip a clean rag in the solution and then squeeze it out. Wipe the rag all the way around the door gasket , particularly the section where it meets up with the refrigerator body. Remove all debris. Thoroughly wash out the rag. Run cool, clean water over the rag, squeeze it out, and use it to wipe the soap residue off of the door gasket. When to Call a Professional Call an appliance technician to replace the water inlet valve. For blocked defrost drains and tubes, if you have tried to flush them out with no success, have a technician assess the problem. These parts may need to be removed for more thorough cleaning or they may need to be replaced. Source:https://www.thespruce.com/what-to-do-about-a-leaking-refrigerator-5215687

A washing machine is an essential appliance to ensure that towels, linens, clothes, and bedding are regularly washed and sanitized. Whether you use a professional cleaner to launder your clothes, take laundry to a local laundromat, or use a personal washing machine in the comfort of your home, it's necessary for your personal hygiene to have clean clothes to wear to school, work, or when you meet up with friends. So, in the interest of cleanliness, it's a good idea to find out exactly how long a washing machine will last before you start to see signs of wear and tear. Keep in mind that the lifespan of a washing machine can be extended through regular maintenance , though you may also want to consider investing in a warranty to help make repairs more affordable. Expected Washing Machine Lifespan When it comes to determining the average lifespan of a washing machine, it's necessary to split these appliances into two categories . Top-load washing machines are the classic style that has been being used for generations and they typically last about 14 years. Front-load washers are relatively new to the market by comparison and they last about 11 years on average. However, it's important to understand that not every washing machine is manufactured the same, so there will be differences between brands and even between models. Additionally, two identical machines can have different lifespans depending on the conditions in which they are used. If one washing machine is well-maintained and used infrequently, then it will last longer than a washing machine that is used daily and very rarely cleaned, dried, or inspected. With regular use and ongoing maintenance, a washing machine will last about 10 to 15 years before it shows signs it needs to be replaced. Though, it should be mentioned that during this time, the washing machine may also require minor repairs to keep it working. Washing Machine Maintenance In order to keep the washing machine functioning correctly for years to come, it's necessary to keep up with maintenance tasks and avoid common mistakes, like overloading the washer. At least once a month, it's recommended to inspect the washing machine for dirt and grime that can accumulate throughout several wash cycles. Make sure to check under the rubber door seal on a front-load washer, as this is a prime location for debris to build up. You can also wash and sanitize the machine by running a high temperature wash cycle with a mixture of vinegar and bleach that will kill bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms as well as getting rid of musty odors. To help mitigate odor problems, make sure to empty the washer as soon as possible after a load is done, then leave the door open to prevent smells from developing and to allow the washer to dry. During your regular inspection, make sure to check the hot and cold water hoses, as well as the drain hose for any signs of cracking, swelling, or leaking. Hoses can be replaced easily enough, but unseen water damage can cause much bigger problems. Also, before using a new washer, it's important to use the leveling feet on the bottom of the machine to level the washer and prevent it from wobbling or rocking during use. Signs You Need A New Washing Machine Over the course of its life, a washing machine can experience several difficulties that may be able to be fixed with minor repairs, but as these issues pile up, it's important to understand when you need to start looking for a new washer. Leaks Washing machines can leak from cracks in the hoses, loose connections, worn-out washers, or even a misplaced drain hose, so a leak can often be fixed without needing to invest in a new machine. Replace old hoses and washers to fix these minor leaks and make sure to tighten up the hose connections and check to ensure the drain hose empties into an available drain. However, if the leak is coming from a crack in the tub, it's better to invest in a new washing machine than paying for a costly repair. Unusual Noise or Movement If you have ever tried to wash a bulky blanket without balancing the load, then you know that washing machines can make a lot of noise and even shift or jump when the unbalanced rotational force of the spinning drum cause it to hit the sides of the washer. This issue can be fixed by ensuring the clothing, blankets, or other items in the washer are properly balanced and that the washer is not overloaded. Leveling the washer can also help to prevent it from moving or shifting during use, but if the problem persists, even when the washer is completely empty, you may need to call a washing machine repair professional to determine the cause. The technician can typically provide more insight into the issue, including an estimated cost to fix the problem. If the cost is too high, it's recommended to look for a new model. Does Not Fill With Water Water is needed to wash the items that are put into the washing machine, so when the tub doesn't fill with water or it only partially fills, you cannot wash a load of laundry. First, check to make sure the water is turned on to the washer. The incoming cold and hot water hoses typically have an isolation valve that can be turned off to move the washing machine, replace the hoses, or to put in new washers. If these valves are off, then the washer will not fill up. Similarly, one of the hoses could be kinked, preventing the flow of water into the washer, or a hose could be blocked. Inspect the hoses to try to locate the problem, but if you cannot solve the issue, then you will need to call in a professional or consider upgrading to a new washer. Warranty Considerations One of the ways in which many washing machine manufacturers help to instill confidence in their products in prospective customers is to offer a warranty on the washer. Depending on the manufacturer, warranties may cover the entire machine or a selection of parts, so it's important to always read the warranty and ask questions in order to fully understand what this guarantee actually covers, as well as the potential problems or situations the warranty does not cover. There are also home warranties that you may want to consider, which can help manage the cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement for a variety of appliances in the home. However, a home warranty is more like an insurance policy in that you pay an annual or monthly fee regardless of whether you actually require maintenance, repair, or replacement services. Some warranty programs offer a set service fee per visit, instead of charging the exact cost of the repair. This means that exchanging a single washer can cost over $100, but it also means that you would be paying the same amount for a more serious repair. A washing machine could last over a decade without needing to be repaired even once, especially with regular maintenance. Just keep in mind that it's just as likely that a washer will need repairs before it hits the 10-year mark. So, it's completely up to you whether you choose to invest in ongoing coverage, or you're okay with relying on the standard manufacturer's warranty to protect your investment. Source: https://www.thespruce.com/how-long-does-a-washing-machine-last-5272534

On the side or top of your water heater tank is a valve connected to a metal or plastic discharge tube pointing downward. The valve is called a T&P valve, or TPR valve, for "temperature and pressure relief." If all goes well, a TPR valve never gets used intentionally except during testing. But in the event of an emergency or malfunction, this valve is of critical importance. It can potentially prevent your water heater from exploding. Understanding how a T&P valve works will help you keep your water heater in tip-top shape and prevent possible damage to your home. T&P Valve A T&P valve is a valve with an attached tube located on the outside of a water heater. The valve provides relief to the water heater if the pressure exceeds normal operating limits, usually 150 psi. How a T&P Relief Valve Works Mandated by all plumbing codes, the T&P valve relieves excess temperature and pressure in a water heater if either reaches a critical point. A water heater is a closed system, and thermal expansion is an inescapable fact of both normal and abnormal water heater functioning. In a standard water heater, the water is heated by a gas burner or electric elements. As the water reaches temperatures between 120 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit, both the water and the water heater's metal tank expand. Some expansion is normal, but too much expansion is unsafe. When the temperature reaches 210 degrees or the pressure reaches 150 psi (pounds per square inch), a properly functioning T&P valve opens and expels hot water and steam through the discharge tube. How a T&P Valve Is Installed When you purchase a water heater, the T&P valve generally comes pre-installed. A threaded inlet is welded onto the side of the tank. This inlet cannot be removed or replaced. The T&P valve is screwed clockwise onto that inlet. While those items are already in place, the discharge tube running downward along the side of the tank is not pre-installed. How to Install or Replace a T&P Valve Discharge Tube Installing or replacing the discharge tube is easy, fast, and there is no need to power down or drain the water heater. To install the discharge tube, run a strip of Teflon tape clockwise around the threaded end of the PVC discharge tube. Screw the discharge tube onto the T&P valve, first by hand. Follow by tightening the tube fully with a wrench. Be careful not to strip or break off the T&P valve or discharge tube by tightening it too much. The discharge tube should point straight downward, terminating a few inches above the floor. It is recommended that you place a water heater pan below the water heater to collect slow drips or to catch emergency outflows of water. [WARNING] Because the T&P valve is rarely used, mineral build-up can cause it to stiffen over time. This is a significant safety hazard because, in the event of a temperature or pressure spike, the T&P valve may not open as it should and the water heater might explode. How to Test a T&P Valve Water heater manufacturers recommend regular checking of the T&P valve. Wear closed-toe shoes to avoid scalding. Except for a bucket, no tools are required. Find T&P Valve Before you begin, make sure you know where the shut-off valve of your tank is. It's usually located on the cold water feed, on the right side inlet on top of the tank. Place Bucket Place a bucket below the discharge tube. Check Attachment Make sure that the discharge tube is firmly attached. If it is loose, tighten it by screwing clockwise. Discharge Water Briefly pull back on the T&P valve's metal lever to cause a small amount of water (about 1/4 cup) to discharge into the bucket. Release Lever Release the lever and let it snap back to its original position. If the lever does not snap back into place, the valve is faulty and must be replaced. How to Fix a T&P Valve In most cases, there are two problems you might have to address with the T&P valve: a valve that leaks by constantly dripping or a valve that sticks and doesn't open and close properly. Fix a Leaky T&P Valve When a T&P valve is leaking , it may be due to the valve not being properly seated in the threaded opening of the tank. This is especially likely if the leaking occurs immediately after an old valve is replaced. This can be remedied by shutting off the water heater and letting it cool down completely, then removing and rethreading the valve into the tank's opening. If the valve is leaking due to dirt or sediment trapped in the relief port, pull the metal spring lever back again and discharge water into the bucket. Once the lever snaps back again, if the water fails to stop completely, shut turn the gas valve to the off position and shut the water off to replace the valve. [WARNING] A water heater that periodically discharges hot water and steam from the T&P valve may be set to a water temperature that is too high. Make sure that the water temperature setting is in the normal recommended range—about 120 degrees Fahrenheit—or no more than about 150 degrees Fahrenheit. Fix a Sticky T&P Valve T&P valves can also become stuck either in a downward (closed) or fully extended (open) position. Either condition is a potentially serious problem. When stuck downward, the valve cannot provide relief if the system reaches maximum pressure. As a result, the water heater tank might rupture. When stuck in a fully extended position, the T&P valve will continually leak water down through the discharge tube, potentially flooding the home. The stickiness of the valve can sometimes be remedied by simply opening and closing the lever several times. Jiggle the T&P valve by gently pulling the lever towards you. Much like jiggling a toilet handle, this action may be enough to unstick the valve. If this does not fix the problem, replace the valve. Safety Considerations In most cases, the T&P valve will last as long as the water heater itself, and fixes are easy if you perform annual testing to catch problems early. However, some caution is necessary whenever working with a water heater, because the T&P valve can become damaged if the water heater has exceeded maximum pressure or temperature levels. If you suspect a pressure-related problem with your water heater tank, hire a licensed plumber to have the water heater inspected. Source: https://www.thespruce.com/tandp-relief-valve-hot-water-heater-1825057

Boilers and water heaters are important to the heating and water supply operations of the home. While they provide different services to the house—one for space heating , the other for domestic water usage—there is some slight overlap in the form of combined boiler/heater devices. What Are Boilers and Water Heaters? A boiler provides non-potable hot water throughout the house to radiators for space heating. A water heater provides domestic hot water for cleaning, personal use, and appliances. What is a Boiler? A boiler is part of a type of residential space heating device that performs the same functions as other home heating devices like HVAC systems, modulating furnaces, in-wall heaters, baseboard heaters , or any other system or device that heats space. Oil, natural gas, propane, or electricity is the energy source that heats water to near-boiling (145 to 190°F) in a large sealed tank. A circulating pump pushes the hot water through a network of pipes in a loop throughout the house. Some types of boilers push steam through the pipes. Radiators are termination points or waypoints along the hot water loop. With either, the water cycles back to be heated in the boiler again, where the process starts all over. Types of Boilers Water boiler Steam boiler Combination boiler water heater Oil boiler Uses for Boilers On a residential level, boilers are used for just one thing: producing steam or hot water for radiant heaters. What a Water Heater Is A water heater is a device that heats cold water to a specified temperature for domestic water use. Cold water enters the water heater from the top and is deposited toward the bottom of the sealed tank with a dip tube. The water is heated by coils with electric models or by a gas flame with gas models, or, in some cases, water to water (commonly known as heat exchangers). Hot water leaves the water heater from the top. The hot water is delivered to various parts of the house through 1/2-inch pipes, usually PEX or copper. What Is Domestic Water? Domestic water refers to water used for household purposes like drinking, cleaning dishes, washing clothes, watering plants, or washing the car. Types of Water Heaters Tank-type water heater Hot water recirculation pump Tankless water heater Indirect water heater Combination boiler water heater Uses for Water Heaters A water heater heats water for: Bathing at bathtubs and showers Personal cleaning at bathroom sinks Washing dishes at kitchen sinks Dishwasher's hot water source Clothes washing machine's hot water source Consumption, if desired How Boilers and Water Heaters are Similar Though they do different things, boilers and water heaters share a few similarities: Water is heated in sealed tanks Water is delivered throughout the house Both tanks are pressurized How Boilers and Water Heaters Are Different Boilers and water heaters are more different than they are similar: Boiler Water not safe for consumption Water or steam heats rooms Water heated close to boiling Can use oil as energy source Circulating (loop) Water Heater Water safe to be consumed Water not used for space heating Water heated far below boiling (120°F) Non-circulating Boiler and Water Heater Services Combined Boilers heat water for space heating. Water heaters heat domestic water. These two separate systems do the same thing: heat water. This redundancy means wasted energy. Plus, having two separate large devices uses more room in the basement, garage, or utility room. Can the two be combined? While not common, sometimes the boiler and water heater are combined either with combination boiler water heaters or with indirect water heaters used with boilers. Combination Boiler Water Heater High-efficiency combination (or combi) boilers serve both functions: space heater and water heater. Domestic water is always prioritized with combi heaters. So, when a tap is opened in the house, water flows through the heat exchanger. When hot water is needed for space heating, the water is diverted to a separate continuous heating loop for the radiators. As single, compact units, combi heaters save a considerable amount of space over a separate boiler and water heater setup. Indirect Water Heater An indirect water heater has no direct power source like a flame or electric coil. Instead, the water is heated indirectly, using the boiler's heat. A pipe from the boiler bearing hot water enters the bottom of the indirect water heater. The pipe coils in loops inside the water heater tank, then leaves the water heater to be redeposited in the boiler. Both the boiler and the water heater remain separate devices. Water from the boiler's pipe never touches water in the water heater tank. Can You Use Boilers and Water Heaters Interchangeably? No. As separate devices, boilers and water heaters cannot substitute for each other since they perform different functions. Do You Need a Boiler or a Water Heater? Homes do not need boilers but they do need water heaters. Most homes are required to have a dedicated heating source, even in areas that rarely experience cold weather. 1 That said, the heating source doesn't necessarily need to be a boiler since many other heating methods are available. Most homes are required to have hot water supplied to plumbing fixtures for bathing, washing, and kitchen-related purposes. 2 The most practical way to supply hot water within residences is with a water heater or through solar water heating. Source: https://www.thespruce.com/boiler-vs-water-heater-5223066

Most of the time, your home’s sump pump works efficiently and invisibly in the background. In areas with much groundwater, the sump pump's regular on and off sounds merge with the tapestry of your home life. In areas with low groundwater, the pump may not even turn on for years, if ever. Many homeowners who have sump pumps might not be aware that they have one. In fact, having a house with a sump pump doesn't always mean that there is a problem. It can simply be part of your home's overall water management system. Locating your sump pump , understanding its operations, and above all, knowing how to maintain it, are all vital to keeping your house in top shape. What Is a Sump Pump? A sump pump is a small, electrically operated water pump located in a lined hole called a sump pit. The pump is designed to be submerged in water. When the water level in the sump pit reaches a certain height, the sump pump automatically turns on and expels the water. When the water level drops far enough, the pump turns off. The sump pump is a constant vigil; it guards your house 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. What Does a Sump Pump Do? Expels Regular Groundwater First and most important, a sump pump will rid your home of groundwater intrusion on a regular basis. This is the most common use for a sump pump. When a sump pump activates, it is no cause for alarm, as the pump is simply doing its job. Groundwater coming towards the house from below or sideways is captured by permeable rock-filled drains, and that same water is diverted to the sump pit, where the pump sends it back outside. Expels Water From Flooding Second and far less common, a sump pump has the potential to evacuate large quantities of water during an unexpected water event. Higher quality sump pumps are rated at up to 4,000 to 5,000 gallons per hour discharge flow. This means that, in theory, your home’s sump pump could expel water during a catastrophic event such as minor flooding or a broken water supply pipe. In practice, this rarely happens. Sump pumps are mostly about dealing with regular groundwater intrusion. When and How Often to Maintain Your Sump Pump At the least, you should check on and maintain your sump pump once a year. However, because the sump pump is so critical to a well-functioning home, try to check that it is working several times throughout the year. Early spring is typically the season when groundwater rises in response to factors such as winter precipitation and snowmelt. So, late winter and early spring is the ideal time to maintain your sump pump. But groundwater movement is difficult to predict, and a host of other factors may come into play as well, such as soil type, local pumping operations, and changes in precipitation. This means that you should check on your sump pump throughout the year. Your sump pump is only as good as its electrical connection. Even if the pump is in top working condition, it cannot turn on if the circuit breaker to the pump is flipped off. So, checking the GFCI outlet and the circuit breaker regularly is always a good idea. [WARNING] Before beginning maintenance or repairs on your sump pump, ensure that the power is off and/or disconnect the machine from power. If the power must be on or connected while you're working on it, take precautions. How to Maintain Your Sump Pump To locate your sump pump, find the lowest possible point in your house. In most houses, this is the basement or the crawlspace . Sump pumps are never installed above ground level, on upper floors. Vibrations can cause sump pumps to tilt to the side. Make sure that the sump pump is upright and that its float ball moves freely. Does the sump pump actually pump water? That's the ultimate goal of the sump pump, and the best way to find out is to pour water into the sump pit. You will need to pour a generous amount to cause the pump to turn on. After the pump activates, stay around to verify that the water is actually discharged. All sump pumps are dependent on a GFCI electrical connection . GFCIs sometimes will erroneously turn off on their own, rendering your sump pump useless. Make sure that the GFCI itself is working and that power is running to the sump pump. Also check the circuit breaker. Common Sump Pump Problems and Solutions If your sump pump is not operating the way it should, or not operating at all, most fixes are relatively simple and inexpensive. These fixes revolve around the electrical connection, water intake and discharge, and the float and switch mechanisms. Sump Pump Does Not Turn On The water level may be too low to trigger operations. Or you might have a blown fuse or tripped circuit breaker on the service panel. Finally, pull out the pump and make sure that the inlet valve is not clogged with debris. Sump Pump Does Not Shut Off Check to see that the float switch on the pump is working properly. If not, replace the switch. Look at the discharge pipe and clear any obstructions. Also, a sump pump that constantly runs might be undersized for the job. Stepping up to a higher-level pump with greater discharge is the only solution. Sump Pump Starts and Stops Too Frequently An undersized sump pump might be the problem. But often, the solution is easier and cheaper: the discharge pipe might have an obstruction that causes backflow. Thus, water that tries to discharge is prevented from doing so. The water runs backward, filling the sump pit, and causing the sump pump to start up again. When to Replace Your Sump Pump Should you replace your sump pump if it is old but still working? While this issue of replacing working items is always debatable, some experts say that sump pumps should be replaced every ten years, working or not. If the motor is faulty, it is usually a difficult fix that may be more expensive than replacing the entire sump pump. A majority of sump pump manufacturer limited warranties run between three and five years long.  Source: https://www.thespruce.com/sump-pump-maintenance-for-the-home-4125779

A clogged sink or tub drain is one of the most frustrating home problems topped only by a clogged toilet. It always seems to happen at the worst possible moment. Not every plumbing problem can be prevented, but many can by changing our behaviors. There are certain materials that solidify and clog pipes or overwhelm garbage disposals that prevent water from passing through, so if you know which ones they are, you can keep them from going down the drain. We can also do damage that isn't immediately evident but pollutes our water supplies by pouring toxic chemicals into a septic system or municipal water supply. Those chemicals end up in our groundwater, rivers, and oceans adversely affecting the health of the planet. Below, you can learn about 10 things to never pour down the drain. Coffee Grounds -Coffee grounds like to stick together and form a lump in plumbing pipes that just won't budge easily. So, even a few grounds every day can begin to add up to a problem. Luckily, coffee grounds have uses around the house and are a great addition to garden compost piles . They add nitrogen that helps break down plant material and boost the performance of the soil. Cooking Grease and Oils -You know what happens when animal fat cools—it solidifies. If it's poured down the drain when that happens, it blocks pipes. Even vegetable oils like olive, corn, and coconut that don't fully solidify coat pipes and trap other food particles. -Allow animal fats to harden and dispose of them in a trash receptacle. Reuse oils when possible or check with your municipality about recycling cooking oil. Rice and Grains -When water is added to rice or dry grains, they expand. If you pour them down the sink, they do the same thing and clog the pipe. Add the grains to the compost pile or dispose of them in a garbage bin. Eggshells -Eggshells take a very long time to dissolve in water. And, even if they are ground up in a garbage disposal, the membranes can cause clogs to form. The best way to dispose of eggshells is to add them to the compost heap or toss in the trash. Doughs and Batters -Just as uncooked rice and grains can swell in water, so can batters and dough. Take the time to add it to the compost pile or scrape it into the trash before washing bowls and utensils to prevent rinsing it down the sink. Paint -Pouring paint down the drain can leave your sink permanently stained and your pipes in need of a plumber. Every type of paint should be disposed of properly to prevent the chemicals from entering our groundwater. -Most waste management companies will accept paint cans that have a small amount of paint that has been allowed to dry out before disposing of the can. Paint can also be mixed with kitty litter before disposal. Full cans are considered hazardous waste and you should contact a waste management collection center for proper disposal procedures in your area. Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides -While some household cleaning products recommended for cleaning a sink or toilet contain hazardous chemicals, the concentration is low. Most hazardous products like paint thinners, lacquers, or dry cleaning solvents should never be poured down a sink. The same applies to garden pesticides. -Contact your local waste management collection center about proper disposal methods as it can vary between locations. Flushable and Nonflushable Wipes -Many brands of personal hygiene wipes claim to be flushable but none of them are actually that good for your plumbing system. Attempting to flush too many wipes forms a ball that will clog the toilet and never dissolve. The same is true for condoms and feminine hygiene products. Keep a small lined trash can beside the toilet for their disposal. -Paper towels, cotton balls, make-up pads, and disinfecting wipes for cleaning or hand sanitizing should also be disposed of properly in a trash can—never down the toilet. Kitty Litter -Even kitty litter box brands that promise to be flushable are better placed in a lined trash can or composted properly . Small amounts of litter add up and can form clogs especially in the tanks of septic systems. Prescription Medications -If you dump a bottle of pills down the sink or in the toilet, while it's possible they will form a clog, they usually dissolve. The real problem is that those chemicals are entering the water system affecting living organisms and our food supply. -Most pharmacies will accept old medications for recycling. The Drug Enforcement Agency hosts a National Prescription Drug Take Back Day each year in April and October. Check with your local law enforcement department to see if they are participating.  Source: https://www.thespruce.com/things-to-never-pour-down-the-drain-5078600

If you have ever unscrewed the end of a kitchen or bathroom faucet or felt inside with your finger, you may have discovered a device with a small metal screen disk—a faucet aerator. The aerator is an important feature that both improves the physical operation of the faucet and enhances the experience of using the faucet. Find out why the faucet aerator is sometimes misunderstood as being primarily a filtration device. Also, learn the aerator's many other valuable purposes and why you definitely want to have one on your faucet. [What Is a Faucet Aerator?] A faucet aerator is a small, round device that you can screw onto the tip of your faucet to create a more consistent, splash-free steam of water. Aerators usually create aa mixture of water and air, making the stream smoother. Generally, a standard faucet aerator will limit the water flow to 1.8 or 2.2 GPM (gallons per minute) . This can vary & is less in some municipalities; for example, NYC is 1.5 GPM. The dual-threaded collar allows the faucet aerator to be threaded counterclockwise onto the faucet. Optionally, a plastic or metal disk with a hole in the center may be included as a flow restrictor. With the flow restrictor installed, you can expect the flow to drop to a water-saving 1.5 GPM. Some ultra water-saving restrictors will even bring the flow down to 0.5 GPM. As the faucet aerator usually comes assembled, it only needs to be screwed onto the end of a faucet. The faucet must be displaying female threads since most aerators are male-threaded (exposed threads). Faucet aerators first entered homes in the late 1940s as add-on devices that would reduce splashing and help water taste better by introducing oxygen. Today, faucet aerators are standard components on nearly all kitchen and bathroom faucets. However, you can also purchase separate faucet aerators and install them on faucets that are lacking aerators. What Is a Faucet Aerator's Purpose? Removing the aerator and tapping it out upside-down may release a small piece of grit or scale produced by the inside of the pipes. While an aerator does filter debris, this is not its main purpose. Rather, a faucet aerator improves the flow of water and helps it feel softer to the touch. By introducing small bubbles to the water, the faucet aerator allows the faucet to run longer while using less water. Creates a wider stream of waterLessens water splashing in the basinHelps save water by making water flow more productiveCan additionally save water when a flow arresting aerator is installedBubbles activate soap faster, saving soap and waterGives the water a softer feeling to the handsGives drinking water a lighter, fresher tasteFilters sediment An aerator is not necessary and may even be counterproductive on some exterior faucets (such as for garden hoses ), shower or bathtub faucets , or clothes washer water supply faucets. How to Replace a Faucet Aerator A faucet aerator can easily be replaced or installed with only two simple tools: pliers and a towel. Tongue and groove pliers (Channellock is one such brand) are the best type of pliers for this project. The towel should be small since you will be using it as a protective device when applying the pliers to the faucet aerator. With the towel, clean the inside thread of the faucet. Ensure that the aerator is fully assembled. A faucet aerator especially must have the washer in place to prevent leakage. Place the aerator into the end of the faucet until the threads catch. Manually screw the aerator clockwise firmly into the faucet. Wrap the towel around the faucet aerator and tighten with the wrench. Turn the water on full volume to test. -Tip: Do not tighten the aerator too much or you risk stripping the threads on either the faucet or the aerator. How to Clean a Faucet Aerator Cleaning a faucet aerator can sometimes improve the flow of water by removing sediment, scale, or other grit from the mesh filter. Even if your water flow is satisfactory, you should clean it at least twice a year to maintain water freshness. Close the sink stopper to avoid losing parts down the drain. Remove the faucet aerator and place it on a clean towel. Take the aerator apart if possible. Soak the aerator in white vinegar (or CLR) for an hour. Remove the vinegar and rinse with fresh water. Replace the aerator on the faucet and turn on the water to test Source: https://www.thespruce.com/why-you-need-to-install-faucet-aerators-1821314